When Tony Fadell takes the stage at the inauguralMIT Future Fest, he projects a slide with three images of once-hyped AI devices that have already been discontinued: the Rabbit R1, the Humane Ai pin, and the Limitless pendant.

“These were kind of the ‘Gen 1’ AI products, and because of my background, these companies called me and asked me to help them,” Fadell said. “I didn’t.”

It’s no surprise that these companies want Fadell’s advice. He’s credited as the “father of the iPod,” a co-creator of the iPhone, and the founder of Nest, the smart thermostat company acquired by Google.

“You have to really understand what you’re trying to do, what pain you’re trying to solve,” he said. “In each of these cases, each one of them didn’t meet any kind of need — it was just interesting technology for geeks, and you’re like, ‘Okay, that’s neat, but it doesn’t really apply to my life.’”

These early AI devices promised the convenience of having a personal assistant, but didn’t actually work that well. Even if they did, most people have never had an assistant and know how they would use — or grow to trust — a personal robot helper.

“It’s less than 0.01% of the world population that has ever had a human [assistant] do anything, and so when [companies] say, ‘Oh, we want an assistant,’ that’s a bunch of people who have assistants saying it,” he said. “Most consumers don’t even know what an assistant is.”

Fadell goes on to explain to those of us in the 99.99% that hiring a trustworthy personal assistant isn’t as straightforward as pulling the most promising resume out of a pile of applications.

“It took me a couple of years first to understand how best to utilize [an assistant], and then to trust them with the most sensitive data, and have them be an agent where they’re setting up meetings with people and working with my bank,” he said. “I understand we have this vision of the future, but there’s a lot of steps to get the general consumer and even the general business on this path.”

谈论在个人助理中建立信任的困难,很难不显得有点理所当然,但 Fadell 说得有道理。当你雇佣一位人类助理时,你不会第一天就把银行账户登录信息交给他们。我们正在进入一个人人都能拥有个人 AI 助理的世界,但只有当我们能信任它们完全安全时,这些工具才有价值。

在这一点上,与 AI 助理建立信任似乎比依赖人类还要困难。Meta最近推出了 Muse,这是它的全能 AI 助理,但用户有理由保持警惕。一位安全研究员在 Muse 发布后很快发现了一个严重的漏洞,而最近404 Media 的报道指出,一些 Meta 员工发现了安全问题,促使多个团队在发布前加班加点地展开了一场“疯狂冲刺”来修复这些问题。

“信任和安全对于我们交给某种智能的任何东西来说都将是至关重要的,”Fadell 说。“我现在能看到的唯一一家公司——也许还有另一家——是 Apple 能做到这一点。Apple 拥有所有硬件,拥有所有芯片,拥有所有部件,但他们没有所有的 AI 东西。”

即使最终生产出最具粘性的 AI 智能体的不是 Apple,Fadell 预测,一个成功的智能体将必须仅在设备端运行,这既是为了隐私,也是为了让技术保持轻量。

“当你听到所有这些关于‘哦,数据中心将征服世界’的说法时……我不相信,”他说。“我以前见过这种情况。我在互联网时代见过这种情况,诸如此类。我们现在设备上有如此强大的能力,甚至更多的算力,而且它们仍然是电池供电的。”

通过将敏感数据保留在设备上,而不是通过云端传输,Apple 赢得了用户的信任,让他们通过 Face ID 等功能分享自己的生物识别数据。正如 Fadell 所指出的,在隐私方面,Apple 似乎比竞争对手拥有更多消费者的好感,但与其他顶级科技公司不同,Apple 没有自己的世界级 AI 模型——新的 Siri AI 运行在 Google Gemini 的定制版本上。

虽然 Apple 在专有 AI 方面落后,但在硬件方面却遥遥领先。Fadell 推测,像Meta和OpenAI这样的公司之所以把注意力转向小工具,是因为它们不像 Apple 那样拥有数十亿台在用的设备。

“这是因为它们无法访问你手机上的传感器。它们会说,‘哦,我们需要视频’,然后你必须确认,‘好,我给你视频权限。’接着它们说,‘嗯,我们需要音频。’确认。‘我们需要你的 GPS 位置。’确认。不知不觉间,这就变成了一份包含 20 项或更多内容的清单,而你已经允许它们获取这些了,”他说。“那它们怎么做?它们去造一个内置了所有这些功能、却没有屏幕的设备……然后它们只需通过蓝牙或 Wi-Fi 连到你的手机,再备份到网络,或接入 5G 网络,这样它们就能获取所有传感器数据。”

鉴于他打造 iPhone 和 iPod 的经历,Fadell 看起来可能仍在透过玫瑰色眼镜看待他的前雇主。尽管他该给 Apple 记功时就记功,但当他认为他们搞砸时,他也从不讳于公开批评 Apple。

当一位观众问及找到产品市场契合度所涉及的运气时,Fadell 指出,初创公司更难制造这种运气,因为一款失败的产品可能意味着公司的终结。

“因为你是初创公司,你只有一次机会,”他打趣道。“不像 Apple 有 Vision Pro。”

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